I updated my Flashforge Dreamer to firmware version 2.4. There's a warning in the changelog for version 2.4 which states: "Warning: Users must use the Flashprint software higher than version 3.4.1 after updating firmware, otherwise WIFI is unavailable for file transfer." Apparently this means that they changed both the WiFi AND the USB protocols, since Simplify3D and older versions of FlashPrint won't connect via USB to a Dreamer running 2.4. I rolled back to version 2.3, and Simplify3D works again.
I suppose this post is more of a PSA than anything else; that is, unless the protocol changes for the Dreamer are documented and Simplify3D can be updated accordingly. Note that version 3.4.1 of FlashPrint includes both the 2.3 and 2.4 firmware, so rollback is possible.