The first layer speed is working. Allow me to illustrate on your part.
I've opened your factory file and turned the raft off. I've also added a second layer to the skirt to help with the illustration.
Here's the first layer of the print:
According to the speed colour key:-
The outline of the first layer of the part is shown in the darker blue..slightly faster than 300mm/min
The skirt is greener of the lighter blue shades....about 2040mm/min
The first layer of the support is a little slower....say 1800mm/min
Now here's layers 1 and 2:
According to the speed colour key:-
The perimeter of the second layer of the part is a bit darker than the first layer of the support in layer 1....about 1000mm/min or thereabouts.
The skirt second layer is bright green....about 4500mm/min.
The second layer of the support is a duller green...about 3000mm/min
To me, this looks like the first layer is about half the speed of the second layer....not a simple scenario that shows the slower speed easily - but I hope this convinces you that it does work.
Now....with that dismissed as not being the cause of a problem you're having, let's turn to what the problem is. Which I believe is that the first layer of the support and/or skirt is not sticking to the bed. If I'm right, try changing the Global Z offset (Gcode tab) to -0.05 and see if the support, etc sticks better. If not, lower by 0.01 and try again...