If by 3D you mean taking that image and taking parts and making them offset from a base...
my personal way of doing it is using
Inkscape.
Open the image
Path -> Trace Bitmap
Mode -> Multiple Scans -> Colors
Also set the "Scans" number to how ever many colors are on it.
Hit OK
Now you have 2 images. One is your original, the other is a vector image. Delete the original.
Now the colors should separate. Delete the ones you do not want and save the ones you do ( each separately is my preference) as SVG files.
You can import these into your preferred 3d cad software ( most can import and extrude them). I personally use Tinkercad. The W and the H import as 1 mm/pixel. Then you can add a base or what ever you need.